Features of the Cynic-Stoic Diatribe in Early Slavic Homilies: Clement of Ohrid and His Literary Heritage

Summary: 

The Cynic-Stoic diatribe is a polemical-didactic mode of discourse organization, originating in Hellenistic Greek, in which a fictitious dialogue with an imagined interlocutor is dramatically performed. Previous research has established that the rhetorical and discourse-structuring features of the diatribe have exerted a considerable influence on Slavic homiletical works translated from Greek. Some indications for this influence have hitherto also been identified in non-translated Slavic writings. Clement of Ohrid is an important representative of early Slavic original authorship. It is, therefore, expedient to investigate his homiletical oeuvre and that of the ‘literary school’ over which he exerted his influence, to gauge the extent to which the diatribe gained ground in these non-translated works. Ten of the homilies ascribed to Clement or his ‘literary circle’ turned out to contain a sufficient number of features that can be interpreted as diatribal. This shows that the diatribal style had been appropriated and was implemented to a considerable degree already at an early stage of Slavic writing.

Simeon Dekker (Bern, Switzerland)

References: 

A n g e l o v, B. St.,  K. M. K u e v,  Hr. K o d o v. Kliment Ohridski: Sabrani sachinenia. T. 1. Sofia, 1970.

A n g e l o v, B. St.,  K. M. K u e v,  Hr. K o d o v,  Kl. I v a n o v a. Kliment Ohridski: Sabrani sachinenia. T. 2. Sofia, 1977.

Čertorickaja, T. V. Vorläufiger Katalog Kirchenslavischer Homilien des beweglichen Jahreszyklus: Aus Handschriften des 11.16. Jahrhunderts vorwiegend ostslavischer Provenienz (= Abhandlungen der Nordrhein-Westfälischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. T. 92). Opladen, 1994.

Clark, H. H. Using Language. Cambridge, 1996.

Dekker, S. The translation and transmission of ‘diatribal’ verbs in the textual traditions of the Zlatostruj collection. – Russian Linguistics, 45 (2021), № 2, p. 175–200.

Dekker, S. Die Übersetzung griechisch-diatribischer Formeln beim Exarchen Johannes: Am Beispiel seiner kompilativen Homilie zum Evangelisten Johannes. –In: Sub specie aeternitatis: Sbornik nauchnykh stateĭ k 60‑letiiu Vadima Borisovicha Krys’ko. Moskva, 2021, p. 568–585.

Dekker, S. Parenthetical verbs as elements of diatribe in John the Exarch’s Hexaemeron: Greek continuities and Slavic innovations. – Die Welt der Slaven, 66 (2021), № 2, p. 238–267.

Dekker, S. The Slavic rendition of Greek speech reporting verbs in Chrysostom’s homilies in the Codex Suprasliensis: A case study into the transmission of diatribal discourse organization. – Slověne, 10 (2021), № 1, p. 186–216.

Dekker, S. Features of the “diatribe” in the writings of Iosif Volotskii. – Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo universiteta – Iazyk i literatura, 19 (2022), № 2, p. 402–421.

Diddi, Cr. I Padri della Chiesa nella cultura letteraria paleoslava: Modalità di ricezione. – Europa Orientalis, 36 (2017), p. 41–68.

Diddi, Cr. Per un’analisi stilistica dell’omiletica clementina: Topica, fraseologia, stile d’autore. – In: San Clemente di Ocrida: Allievo e maestro. Milano, 2017, p. 77–104.

D i d d i, Cr. K stilisticheskomu analizu torzhestvennoĭ prozy sv. Klimenta Ohridskogo. – V: Sv. Kliment Ohridski v kulturata na Evropa. Sofia, 2018, s. 233–244.

D i m i t r o v a, A. Zlatostruyat v prevodacheskata deynost na starobalgarskite knizhovnitsi. Sofia, 2016.

D o b r e v, I. Gratskite dumi v Suprasalskia sbornik i vtorata redaktsia na starobalgarskite bogosluzhebni knigi. – Balgarski ezik, 28 (1978), № 2, s. 89–98.

D o g r a m a d z h i e v a, E. Svoeobrazie ėtapov knizhnogo starobolgarskogo jazyka. – Palaeobulgarica, 5 (1981), № 1, p. 55–61.

G a n c h e v a, N. Problemi na savremennite izsledvania varhu zhivota i tvorchestvoto na sv. Kliment Ohridski. – V: Sv. Kliment Ohridski v kulturata na Evropa. Sofia, 2018, s. 873–889.

G r a n s t r e m, E. E. Ioann Zlatoust v drevneĭ russkoĭ i iuzhnoslavianskoĭ pis’mennosti (XI–XV vv.). – V: Trudy Otdela drevnerusskoĭ literatury. T. 35. Leningrad, 1980, s. 345–375.

Granstrem, E. E., O. V. Tvorogov, A. Valevičius. Johannes Chrysostomos im altrussischen und südslavischen Schrifttum des 11.–16. Jahrhunderts: Katalog der Homilien. Opladen, 1998.

K a k r i d i s, J. Argumentacija kod pravoslavnih Slovena u srednjem veku: Uvod u problematiku. Niš, 2019.

K a k r i d i s, Y. Kto govorit? Tsitativnoe i diatribicheskoe φησί(ν) v Izbornike 1073 g. – Crkvene studije, Niš, 17 (2020), s. 285–293.

Kakridis, Y., S. Dekker. Der diatribische Stil bei Kosmas dem Presbyter und Grigorij Camblak. – Studi Slavistici, 19 (2022), № 1, p. 27–48.

King, J. Speech-in-Character, Diatribe, and Romans 3:1–9: Who’s Speaking When and Why It Matters. Leiden, 2018.

M a r t i, R. Kliment Ohridski – problemi pri izsledvaneto na negovoto literaturno tvorchestvo. – V: Kliment Ohridski – zhivot i delo (= Kirilo-Metodievski studii. Kn. 13). Sofia, 2000, s. 10–20.

Metodieva, L. La naissance de la rhétorique bulgare: L’influence de l’oeuvre de Jean Chrysostome et des grands Cappadociens sur le développement de la prose rhétorique bulgare ancienne aux IXe et Xe siècles. – Rhetorica: A Journal of the History of Rhetoric, 11 (1993), № 1, p. 27–41.

Migne, J.-P. Patrologiæ cursus completus. Series græca prior. Patrologiæ græcæ. T. 52. Paris, 1862.

M i l t e n o v, Ya. Preslavskite leksikalni markeri. 1. Opit za vavedenie. – Palaeobulgarica, 44 (2020), № 2, s. 54–79.

P a v l o v a, R. Petar Chernorizets: Starobalgarski pisatel ot X vek (= Kirilo-Metodievski studii. Kn. 9). Sofia, 1994.

Podskalsky, G. Theologische Literatur des Mittelalters in Bulgarien und Serbien 865–1459. München, 2000.

S t a n k o v, R. Eshche raz k probleme tak nazyvaemoĭ „preslavskoĭ leksiki“. – Palaeobulgarica, 45 (2021), № 2, p. 65–84.

S t a n t c h e v, Kr., Stilistika i zhanrove na starobalgarskata literatura. Sofia, 1985.

S t a n t c h e v, Kr. Tvorchestvoto na sv. Kliment Ohridski v nauchnite izsledvania i izdania prez poslednite 30 godini (1986–2016). – V: Sv. Kliment Ohridski v kulturata na Evropa. Sofia, 2018, s. 30–52.

S t a n t c h e v, Kr.,  G. P o p o v. Kliment Ohridski: Zhivot i tvorchestvo. Sofia, 1988.

Thomson, Fr. J. Chrysostomica Palaeoslavica. A Preliminary Study of the Sources of the Chrysorrhoas (Zlatostruy) Collection. – Cyrillomethodianum, 6 (1982), p. 1–65.

Uthemann, K.-H. Christus, Kosmos, Diatribe: Themen der frühen Kirche als Beiträge zu einer historischen Theologie. Berlin, 2005.

Uthemann, K.-H. Anastasios Sinaites: Byzantinisches Christentum in den ersten Jahrzehnten unter arabischer Herrschaft. Berlin, 2015.

V e l i n o v a, V. Tarzhestvenata oratorska proza v Bulgaria IX–X vek. Sofia, 1998.

V e l i n o v a, V. Kliment Ohridski. – V: Starobalgarska literatura: Entsiklopedichen rechnik. Veliko Tarnovo, 2003, s. 251–253.

Velinova, V. San Clemente di Ocrida, maestro di omiletica. – In: San Clemente di Ocrida: Allievo e maestro. Milano, 2017, p. 61–75.

Z a i m o v, Y.,  M. K a p a l d o. Suprasalski, ili Retkov sbornik. T. 1–2. Sofia, 1982–1983.