The Vienna Manuscript Cod. Slav. 37 and the Common Services in it Revisited (First Part)

Summary: 

The Vienna Cod. Slav. 37, known also as Codex Hankenstein, is a unique manuscript. It consists of two texts: the main text written in the centre of the folia, and the surrounding text written above, below and on the both sides of the main text. The study shows that the surrounding text complements the main one. The contents of the manuscript consist of resurrection services in eight modes, the weekly services from Sunday Vespers to Saturday Orthros in the first six modes, synaxarion, resurrection kontakia in eight modes and the cycle of six common services for Prophets, Apostles, Patters, Reverends, Martyrs, and Women Martyrs. According to an acrostic, the kanon for Patters is a work of St. Clement of Ochrid. There is a kathisma inserted after the sixth ode of the kanons in the first four common services. This is considered as an archaic feature. It is suggested that the composition goes back to the ninth century, the time of the holy brothers Cyril and Methodius and their pupils. It is also connected to the reduction of the kontakion: in all probability this happened very soon after the death of St. Theodore the Studite who was the last writer of large kontakia. After him, the reduced kontakion was inserted after the third ode of the kanon. The Hymn for St. Clement of Rome ascribed to Cyril the Philosopher is evidence for this. The archaic character of the repertory included is also proved by the lack of the anatolika and alphabetika stichera. The latter appeared in manuscripts after the establishment of the Evergetis redaction of the Studite Typikon. The conclusion is that the manuscript was compiled by the middle of the eleventh century. The actualization of the repertory that is revealed in the surrounding text was done at that time as well. This actualization follows a liturgical order unlike the genre order followed in the main text.

Svetlana Kujumdzieva (Sofia, Bulgaria)

References: 

A n g e l o v, B. Kliment Ohridski – avtor na obshti sluzhbi. – V: Iz starata balgarska, ruska i srabska literatura. Kn. 3. Sofia, 1978, s. 17–37.

B i r k f e l l n e r, G. Glagolitische und kyrillische Handschriften in Österreich. Wien, 1975.

B i r k f e l l n e r, G. Codex Hankenstein. Codex Vindobonensis slavicus 37. Altukrainisches liturgisches Anthologion des 13.–14. Jahrhunderts. Band 2. Neutestamentliche Perikopen (= Münstersche Texte zur Slavistik. Band 2). Berlin–Hamburg–London–Münster–Wien–Zürich, 2006.

B i r k f e l l n e r, G. Codex Hankenstein. Codex Vindobonensis slavicus 37. Altukrainisches liturgisches Anthologion des 13.–14. Jahrhunderts. Band 3. Liturgischer Festkalender für den Jahreszyklus der unbeweglichen Feste (= Münstersche Texte zur Slavistik. Band 3). Berlin–Hamburg–London–Münster–Wien–Zürich, 2007.

B i r k f e l l n e r, G. Ältere und jüngere lexikalische Varianten in slavischen Evangelien- und Aposteltexten (Ausgewählte Beispiele aus dem Codex Hankenstein – Cod. Vind. slav. 37). – In: Text - Sprache - Grammatik: slavisches Schrifttum der Vormoderne. Festschrift für Eckhard Weiher. Herausg. von Ju. Besters-Dilger. München, 2009,  p. 271–284. 

C h i f l y a n o v, Bl. Liturgika. Sofia, 1997.

F r ø y s h o v, S. S. R. The Early Development of the Liturgical Eight-Mode System in Jerusalem. – St. Vladimir Theological Quarterly, 51 (2007), № 2–3, p. 139–179.

F r ø y s h o v, S. S. R. The Georgian Witness to the Jerusalem Liturgy: New Sources and Studies. – In: Inquiries into Eastern Christian Worship. Ed. by B. Groen, S. Hawkes-Teeples, S. Alexopoulos. Leuven–Paris–Walpole, MA, 2012, p. 227–269.

H r i s t o v a - S h o m o v a, I. Obshtite sluzhbi ot sv. Kliment Ohridski – pet veka bogosluzhebna upotreba. – V: Srebarniyat vek: Novi otkritia. Red. A. Miltenova. Sofia, 2016, s. 163–182.

H r i s t o v a - S h o m o v a, I. Pesni ot Kliment. Sluzhbi ot sv. Kliment Ohridski za prorok, apostol, otets, machenik i machenitsa. Sofia, 2017.

K a m p, А. Kliment von Ohrid (Klemens von Achrida). Kanones für das Commune Sanctorum. Studie und Tеxt. Materiallen (= Münstersche Texte für Slavistik. Band 5). Berlin, 2010.

K r a s h e n i n n i k o v a, O. Drevneslavyanskiy Oktoih sv. Klimenta arhiepiskopa Ohridskogo. Po drevnerusskim i yuzhnoslavyanskim spiskam XIII–XV vekov. Moskva, 2006.

K r i v k o, R. A. Typology of Byzantine Office Menaia of the 11th–14th cc. – Scrinium. Journal of Patrology, Critical Hagiography, and Ecclesiastical History, 7–8 (2012): Ars Christiana. In memoriam Michaila F. Miranov (21.XI.1928–6.VI.1995), № 2, p. 3–68.

K u y u m d z h i e v a, Sv. Otnovo za rannite osmoglasnitsi: kakvo ni kazvat sinayski gratski rakopisi 1593 i 776. – Starobalgarska literatura, 37–38 (2007), s. 26–48.

K u y u m d z h i e v a, Sv. Belezhki i komentari za nyakoi ranni himnografski rakopisi ot Vatikana. – V: Bogosluzhebnite knigi: poznati i nepoznati. Sofia, 2008, s. 43–155.

K u y u m d z h i e v a, Sv. Relikti ot stara praktika: nyakoi nablyudenia varhu aranzhiraneto na repertoara na rannite kondatsi. – Starobalgarska literatura, 43–44 (2010), s. 194–209.

K u y u m d z h i e v a, Sv. Rannite osmoglasnitsi. Izvori, bogosluzhenie i pevcheski repertoar. Sofia, 2013.

K u y u m d z h i e v a, Sv. Notiraniyat repertoar v rannite gratskoezichni osmoglasnitsi: Neresheni problemi. – Starobalgarska literatura, 59–60 (2019), s. 122–152.

L o z o v a y a, I. E. Drevnerusskiy notirovannyy Paraklitik kontsa XІІ – nachala XІІІ veka: Predvaritel’nye zametki k izucheniyu pevcheskoy knigi. – V: Germenevtika drevnerusskoy literatury. Sb. 6. Ch. 2. Moskva, 1993, s. 407–432.

L o z o v a y a, I. E. Drevnerusskiy notirovanyy Paraklit v krugu Irmologiev XІІ veka – pervoy polovine XV v.: Melodicheskie varianty i versii v rospeve kanonov. – V: Gimnologia. Vyp. 1. Kn. 1. Moskva, 2000, s. 217–239.

M o m i n a, M. A. O proizhozhdenii grecheskoy triodi. – V: Palestinskiy sbornik. Vyp. 28. Moskva, 1986, s. 112–121.

P o p o v, G. Himnografskoto tvorchestvo na Kliment Ohridski – otkritia i problemi. – V: Stanchev, K., G. Popov. Kliment Ohridski. Zhivot i tvorchestvo. Sofia, 1988, s. 112–156.

S h a l a m a n o v, Bl. Neizvestni himnografski proizvedenia ot Kliment Ohridski. – Spisanie BAN, 1987, № 1, s. 51–56; № 2, s. 47–54; № 3, s. 63–68; № 4, s. 52–60; № 5, s. 61–67.

S k a b a l l a n o v i c h, M. N. Tolkovyy Tipikon. 2. izd. Moskva, 1995.

T e m c h i n, S. Yu. Obshtaya sluzhba prepodobnym, pripisyvaemaya Klimentu Ohridskomu, kak pererabotka perevodnoy sluzhby prep. Georgiyu Maleinu (4 aprelya) Feofana Nachertannogo. – В: Žeňuch, P., С. Николова (eds.). Kliment Ochridský a jeho prinos pre slovanskú a európsku kultúru. Bratislava–Sofia, 2017, p. 53–63.

T u n i t s k i y, N. L. Sv. Kliment, episkop slovenskiy: ego zhizn’ i prosvetitel’naya deyatel’nost’. Sergiev Posad, 1913.

Y o v c h e v a, M. Solunskiyat oktoih v konteksta na yuzhnoslavyanskite oktoisi do XIV v. (= Kirilo-Metodievski studii. Kn. 16). Sofia, 2004.