The article contains an overview of the information about the Bulgarian towns and villages that Cossack Hetman Filip Orlik visited in 1723 on his way to Istanbul. They were described in the diary run by him in 1720-1734 ("Travel diary"). Written in Polish, intertwined with Latin, the diary provides a lot of interesting information about the condition of cities Yambol, Karnobat, Stara Zagora and Plovdiv, as well as villages with Turkish names difficult to identify nowadays. Based on the diary of Filip Orlik, the living conditions of the people of the Christian faith, as well as the condition of the Orthodox Church in Bulgaria in the early eighteenth century are recreated.
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